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发表于 2009-10-26 11:26
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在美国权利法案中，有着明确的说明：
A well regulated Militia， being necessary to the security of a free State， the right of the people to keep and bear Arms， shall not be infringed.纪律严明的民兵是保障自由州的安全所必需的，人民持有和携带武器的权利不可侵犯。
法案这样说也很有道理，比如中国...我看还是不要具体说了。比如今天看到的新闻：“专家称：99%的上访者有精神偏执症，应送往精神病院。”
我这里翻译了一段，一小段维基百科中关于枪械政策中美国枪械政策的部分，翻译的乱七八糟的，不过总算有所了解了，呵呵。
The issue of firearms takes a high-profile position in United States culture and politics.Michael Bouchard, Assistant Director/Field Operations of ATF, estimates that 5,000 gun shows take place each year in the United States.Incidents of gun violence in 'gun-free' school zones, such as the Virginia Tech massacre of 2007 have ignited debateinvolving gun politics in the United States.
关于武器的讨论一直在美国文化政治中处于引人瞩目的位置。Michael Bouchard,ATF的副经理，估计美国大概一年有5000个枪械展览。在枪械自由的学校中发生的枪械暴力事件中，比如07年的弗吉尼亚理工大学的屠杀事件，引发了关于美国枪械政策的大讨论。
The American public strongly opposes bans on gun ownership.
美国公民枪支拥有权的禁令表示强烈反对。
There is a sharp divide between gun-rights proponents and gun-control proponents.This leads to intense political debate over the effectiveness of firearm regulation.
在认为有权拥有枪械的支持者和枪械管制支持者之间有着强烈的分歧。这导致了关于武器规章的有效性的激烈的政治争论
On the whole, republicans are far less likely to support gun control than are democrats. According to a 2004 Harris Interactive survey:
总的来说，共和党人对于枪械管制的支持程度不如民主党人，更具2004年哈里斯互动调查公司的数据显示
Republicans and Democrats hold different views on gun control. A 71% to 11% majority of Democrats favors "stricter" rather than "less strict" gun control, whereas Republicans are split 35% "stricter" to 35% "less strict" with 24% of Republicans and 13% of Democrats opting for "neither".
共和党人和民主党人之间对于枪械管制的看法有着不同的观点。民主党中71的人认为应该严格管制而不是稍微管制，然而共和党人35为人严格管制，35认为稍微管制，24共和党人13民主党人选择两者皆不。
The division of beliefs may be attributable to the fact that Republicans are more likely to own guns, according to General Social Surveys conducted during the last 35 years. The graphs, below, show that gun ownership has generally declined; however, Republicans — especially men — are far more likely to own "guns or revolvers."
信仰的分歧也许归因于共和党更想拥有枪支的事实，这是根据General Social Surveys在过去35年调查得到的结论。下面的图片，说明了枪支拥有权总体来说下降了；可是，共和党人，特别是男性，更想拥有SQ或者左轮SQ。
More recently in a 2008 survey completed by Gallup, there are large differences between Republicans and Democrats on the issues of gun ownership and control:
最近的Gallup2008年民意调查显示，共和党人和民主党人在枪支所有权和控制上有很大的分歧。
Incidents of gun violence and self-defense have routinely ignited bitter debate. About 10,000 murders are committed using firearms annually,while an estimated 2.5 million crimes may be thwarted through civilian use of firearms annually.The American Journal of Public Health conducted a study that concluded "the United States has higher rates of firearm ownership than do other developed nations, and higher rates of homicide. Of the 233,251 people who were homicide victims in the United States between 1988 and 1997, 68% were killed with guns, of which the large majority were handguns."The ATF estimated in 1995 that the number of firearms available in the US was 223 million.
枪击暴力事件和自卫照例引起了激烈的讨论。大约每年有10,000凶手使用武器犯案，同时估计有大约二百五十万的犯罪由于公民持枪自卫而使犯罪没有得逞。美国公共健康日报做了一个研究做出了如下结论“美国的枪支拥有率比其他发达国家要高，杀人率也要高。在88年到97年之间有233,251人称为杀人犯受害者，其中68%被枪杀，而其中大部分是被SQ所杀。”ATF估计95年美国有2千2百3十万枪支。
Some perceive that firearms registration – by making it easier for Federal agents to target gun owners for harassment and confiscation – constitutes an easily exploited encroachment upon individual personal privacy and property rights.
有些认为枪支登记,以使其更容易为联邦特工骚扰拥有枪支的目标——是一种轻松、没收剥削侵占个人隐私和财产的权利。
In contrast, in a 2008 brief submitted to the United State Supreme Court, the Department of Justice advocated that reasonable regulation of weaponry has always been allowed by the Second Amendment in the interests of public safety. In District of Columbia v. Heller, the U.S. Supreme Court held that the Second Amendment secures an individual right to own and possess handguns in a home for self-defense. See below.
与此相反的是，08年司法部向美国最高法院做出了一个简短的提案，为了安全，提倡武器的合理的规章一直都在宪法第二修正案中得到允许。哥伦比亚特区，美国最高法院认为应该维持第二修正案中公民拥有枪支的权利。如下
Fully-automatic firearms are legal in most states, but have requirements for registration and restriction under federal law. The National Firearms Act of 1934 required approval of the local police chief, federally registered fingerprints, federal background check and the payment of a $200 tax for initial registration and for each transfer. The Gun Control Act of 1968 prohibited imports of all nonsporting firearms and created several new categories of restricted firearms. The act also prohibited further registry of most automatic firearms. A provision of the Firearm Owners Protection Act of 1986 banned private ownership of machine guns manufactured after it took effect.
大多数州自动枪械是合法的，但是需要注册并被联邦法律约束使用。1934年国家武器条例规定，需要当地警长的批准，联邦注册指纹，联邦背景调查以及支付200美元的首次注册税钱和每次转移。1968年的枪支控制条例禁止非打猎武器的进口并且对几种武器进行了约束分类。条例也禁止大多数自动枪械的进一步的注册。1986年一个枪支保护条例的条款，禁止私人拥有机关枪。
The result has been a massive rise in the price of machine-guns available for private ownership, as an increased demand chases the fixed, pre-1986 supply. For example, the Heckler & Koch MP5 submachine-gun, which may be sold to law enforcement for about $1,000,costs a private citizen about $20,000.This price difference dwarfs the $200 tax stamp.
结果导致了私人用机关枪的价格大大增加，枪械维修的需求也大大增加。例如，Heckler & Koch MP5半自动枪，法定1000美元，但是对于私人用户2万美元。这个价格差使200美元的印花税相形见绌。
Political scientist Earl R. Kruschke states, regarding the fully-automatic firearms owned by private citizens in the United States, that "approximately 175,000 automatic firearms have been licensed by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (the federal agency responsible for administration of the law) and evidence suggests that none of these weapons has ever been used to commit a violent crime."
政治学者Earl R. Kruschke声明，关于美国公民私人拥有全自动武器，“大约 175000自动武器在ATF注册，并且有证据表明没有在任何暴力犯罪中使用。”
More than half of Republicans report having a gun in their homes, while only about a third of Democrats report this.
多过半数的共和党人在他们的家中有枪，但是只有三分之一的民主党人有枪。
Two in three Republicans say they are satisfied with the nation's laws or policies on guns. This percentage is much lower among Democrats, at 37%.
3个共和党人中有两个说他们满意现在国家的法律和枪支的政策。这个比率民主党低很多，37%左右。
The strong majority of Democrats feel that gun laws in the United States should be stricter, while only about 4 in 10 Republicans feel this way. Forty-eight percent of Republicans feel gun laws should remain as they are at the present time.
民主党人主要感觉美国枪支法律应该加强约束，但是只有4/10的共和党人赞同。48%的共和党人认为应该保留现状。 |
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